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Under normal operation of the engine, there will also be a certain consumption of lubricating oil. The normal consumption is due to the gap between the piston and the cylinder wall that only needs to move. Regardless of the size of the gap, there will always be a part of the lubricating oil that is brought into the extinguishing chamber with the movement of the piston and burned along with the mixture. When the engine is working, a part of the combustible mixture and exhaust gas in the extinguishing chamber will enter the crankcase through the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder, and these gases will accelerate the transformation of the lubricating oil. The gas entering the crankcase will increase the temperature and pressure inside the crankcase, causing oil to seep out from the oil seal and other areas. Moreover, due to the reciprocating motion of the piston, the gas pressure inside the crankcase undergoes periodic changes, which affects the normal operation of the engine.

The interfacial tension between lubricating oil and water varies with the composition of the oil. The interface tension between deeply refined base oil and some waste oil and water is quite high, so stable emulsions will not be generated. However, if the refining depth of the base oil of the lubricating oil is not sufficient, its emulsion resistance will also be poor, especially when the oil contains some surface active substances such as detergent dispersants, oiliness agents, extreme pressure agents, colloids, asphaltenes, and dust particles. They are all lipophilic and hydrophilic substances that adsorb on the surface of oil and water, reducing the interfacial tension between the oil and water and forming a stable emulsion. Therefore, when selecting these additives, it is necessary to comprehensively consider their performance and effects in order to obtain the best condensation equilibrium.

The viscosity of high viscosity lubricating oil is high, which will increase the frictional resistance between the surfaces of the parts, increase power loss, and fuel consumption. If oil with lower viscosity is used, it can reduce the internal friction consumption of the oil without increasing the wear of the components. According to experiments, reducing the viscosity of engine oil by one level results in a fuel saving rate of 1% -3% for the engine. In fact, oil pressure is mainly determined by the speed of the oil pump (engine speed) and the viscosity of the engine oil. When the engine speed is the same and the oil temperature is the same, The oil pressure of 5W-50 engine oil is higher than that of 5W-40 and 5W-30 engine oil because the viscosity of the former is higher than that of the latter. Many drivers believe that the higher the oil pressure, the better the lubrication of the vehicle. However, this is not the case. Oil pressure, like blood pressure in the human body, can be too high or too low, causing certain harm to the engine of the vehicle.